When did the second wave of modernization theory appear?
A. 1950s and 1960s
B. 1970s and 1980s
C. 1980s and 1990s
D. 1990s and 2000s
##Explanation:
The second wave of modernization theory appeared in the 1970s and 1980s, as a further development of the first wave of modernization theory which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. This wave emphasized the need for economic development and modernization and the role of the state in the process of modernization.
What is the second wave of modernization theory?
The second wave of modernization theory is a further development of the first wave of modernization theory, which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. The first wave of modernization theory focused on the idea that all societies would inevitably progress through a series of stages, ultimately leading to a modern, industrialized society similar to Western societies. The second wave of modernization theory, which appeared in the 1970s and 1980s, built on this idea but placed more emphasis on the need for economic development and the role of the state in the process of modernization.
The second wave of modernization theory also highlighted the importance of internal factors such as cultural, political, and social factors in the process of modernization. Additionally, it recognized the diversity of paths and outcomes of modernization and the possibility of non-western countries modernizing in their own way. The second wave also emphasized on the negative impacts of modernization such as environmental degradation and loss of traditional culture. Overall, the second wave of modernization theory is a more nuanced and complex view of the process of modernization.