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SUMMARY of “Refugee Question,” Huma Yusuf, Dawn, October 2nd, 2023

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The refugee issue has gained prominence recently, raising questions about the relevance of the UN’s refugee convention. A significant portion of the public in the US and the UK feels that immigration is too high, as per a Financial Times poll. Pakistan faces a dilemma as both a host and exporter of refugees. It is under pressure to sign the UN refugee convention due to hosting over 2 million Afghan refugees. Still, it is also deporting undocumented Afghan refugees, causing international concern. Pakistan’s policies are ill-equipped to manage this challenge effectively. While it may use deportations as a tool to address cross-border militancy, it should consider the benefits of welcoming refugees and sign the UN refugee convention with Western allies’ support. Such a stance would enhance

Pakistan’s image globally and ensure fair treatment for its refugees in the future.

Easy/Short SUMMARY:

The refugee crisis is in the spotlight, and there are doubts about the UN’s refugee convention’s relevance. Pakistan faces a dual challenge as a host and exporter of refugees, dealing with international pressure to sign the convention while deporting Afghan refugees. Instead of deportation, Pakistan should consider the advantages of welcoming refugees. Signing the convention with Western support would enhance its global image and help secure fair treatment for its own refugees in the future.

SOLUTIONS of The Problem:

Refugee Management and International Engagement:

• Sign the UN Refugee Convention: Pakistan should consider signing the UN Refugee Convention, with the condition that Western allies provide support to comply with non-refoulement requirements.
• Resettlement Support Centre (RSC): Engage with the US to establish a Resettlement Support Centre, enabling the processing of Afghan refugee resettlement applications while receiving support for refugee management.
• Knowledge Sharing: Collaborate with countries like Turkey to share best practices in refugee and asylum frameworks.
• Advocate for Allies: Encourage countries like China and the GCC to take a greater share of the global refugee population in line with their economic status, emphasizing moral responsibility.

IMPORTANT Facts and Figures Given in the article:

• Over 110 million individuals are forcibly displaced globally due to conflict, persecution, or human rights violations, with over 35 million categorized as refugees.
• Pakistan hosts over 2 million Afghan refugees.
• Pakistan is not a signatory to the UN refugee convention.
• Deportations of Afghan refugees have been authorized by Pakistan’s interim government.

IMPORTANT Facts and Figures out of the article:

• The US has been reluctant to process Afghan refugee resettlement without a Resettlement Support Centre (RSC) in Pakistan.
• Turkey is currently the world’s largest refugee-hosting country.
• The number of refugees and asylum seekers globally is expected to increase.

MCQs from the Article:

1. What percentage of Americans believe that immigration is too high, as per a Financial Times poll mentioned in the article?
   A. 35%
   B. 45%
   C. 56%
   D. 70%

2. What is the primary challenge faced by Pakistan regarding refugees, as highlighted in the article?
   A. Lack of documentation
   B. Economic constraints
   C. Dual role as a host and exporter
   D. Political instability

3. What international agreement is Pakistan encouraged to sign, according to the article, to address the refugee challenge?
   A. UN Climate Change Convention
   B. UN Refugee Convention
   C. Geneva Conventions
   D. Paris Agreement

4. Which country is currently the world’s largest refugee-hosting country, as mentioned in the article?
   A. Pakistan
   B. Afghanistan
   C. Saudi Arabia
   D. Turkey

VOCABULARY:

1. Dilemma (noun) (مشکل فیصلہ): A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives.

2. Deportation (noun) (نفی کرنا): The action of expelling a foreigner from a country, typically one they do not have the legal right to stay in.

3. Prohibition (noun) (ممنوعیت): The action of forbidding something, especially by law.

4. Compatriots (noun) (ساتھی): Fellow citizens or nationals of a country.

5. Asylum (noun) (ملجا): The protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.

6. Engagement (noun) (شرکت): The action of becoming involved in something.

7. Relevance (noun) (موزونیت): The quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate to what is being done or considered.

8. Extremism (noun) (اِنتہا پسندی): The holding of extreme political or religious views.

9. Misogyny (noun) (نسواں دشمنی): Dislike of, contempt for, or ingrained prejudice against women.

10. Non-refoulement (noun) (واپسی کا عدم ممکن): The principle of not forcing refugees or asylum seekers to return to a country where they may be subjected to persecution.

11. Humanitarian (adjective) (انسانیت کا): Concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare and well-being.

12. Moral High Ground (noun) (اخلاقی بلند اراکین): A position of advantage or superiority on moral or ethical issues.

13. Resettlement (noun) (دوبارہ وسائل کرنا): The act of establishing people in a new place, especially after being displaced or forced to leave their previous residence.

14. Influx (noun) (آمد): An arrival or entry of a large number of people or things.

15. Advocate (verb) (حمایت کرنا): Publicly recommend or support a particular cause, policy, or way of doing things.

16. Rhetoric (noun) (بیان): The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing.

17. Prominence (noun) (اہمیت): The state of being important, famous, or noticeable.

18. Humanity (noun) (انسانیت): The human race; human beings collectively.

19. Intolerance (noun) (نا مروتی): Unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from one’s own.

20. Crack Down (phrasal verb) (سخت اعمال کرنا): To take strict measures to prevent or stop a particular type of behavior.

List of Vocabulary with Urdu Meanings from the Same Article:

1. Dilemma (noun) (مشکل فیصلہ): دو یا دو س

ے زیادہ الٹرنیٹوں کے درمیان مشکل انتخاب کی صورت میں ہونے والی صورتِ حالہ۔

1. Deportation (noun) (نفی کرنا): ایک ملک کے باہر روانے کی

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