CSS COMPULSORY SUBJECTS MCQs
Here, you can study all CSS Compulsory Subjects MCQs of the FPSC Exam.
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SUMMARY of the Article “‘Global boiling’” by Masood Lohar, Dawn, June 25th, 2024
This year’s Haj witnessed a tragic incident where over 1,300 pilgrims succumbed to extreme heat, with temperatures soaring to 51.8 degrees Celsius. This event underscores the escalating crisis of extreme weather, described by UN Secretary General António Guterres as “global boiling.” The phenomenon represents a significant shift from global warming to more severe and dangerous climatic conditions. Similar heatwaves have recently affected Pakistan and India, with temperatures in Sindh reaching 52.2°C and in Delhi surpassing 44°C, causing widespread fatalities and heatstroke cases. These events align with a global pattern of unprecedented weather extremes. The term ‘global boiling’ highlights the unpredictable nature of current climate changes, which include alternating extremes like droughts, floods, and heatwaves. For instance, regions near Makkah recently experienced both extreme heat and flash floods. Other examples include record-breaking rainfall in Dubai, leading to severe flooding and fatalities, and simultaneous extreme weather events in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China, ranging from severe flooding to prolonged droughts. These climatic anomalies are causing significant disruptions to human health, » Read More…
SUMMARY of the Article “Fierce Heat,” Editorial, Dawn, June 24th, 2024
The editorial underscores the severe and escalating impacts of climate change, as evidenced by recent extreme weather events including savage heat, melting glaciers, and extreme rainfall. In June, cities across the northern hemisphere experienced unprecedented high temperatures, indicating that these heatwaves might surpass last summer’s records, which were the hottest in 2,000 years. This record-breaking heat has caused significant loss of life, with thousands potentially dead in Europe and Asia, including 200 homeless people in Delhi and over 1,000 pilgrims during Hajj, many of whom were Pakistanis. These incidents highlight the urgent need for measures to address global warming. Vulnerable groups, such as women, children, the elderly, the poor, and rural populations, face severe health risks including cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, miscarriages, and fatal heat strokes. The editorial calls for federal and provincial authorities in » Read More…
SUMMARY of the Article “Higher education up the creek,” by Faisal Bari, Dawn, June 21st, 2024
In this article, Faisal Bari discusses the numerous challenges facing Pakistan’s higher education sector, exacerbated by the government’s recent budgetary decisions. He begins with an anecdote about how a boss would preemptively defuse requests for raises by suggesting that staff might be fired, drawing a parallel to the government’s handling of the higher education budget. Although the government initially announced cuts to the budget, it later restored funding to the previous year’s level, an action Bari suggests was intended to appear generous. Despite an increasing number of universities and colleges being upgraded, the Higher Education Commission (HEC) has not received a budget increase for several years, leaving many universities, even well-established ones, in severe financial distress. The situation is further aggravated by a 20% increase in salaries and 15% inflation, pushing public-sector universities towards financial crises, including potential defaults on salaries and pensions. The budget includes other adverse measures, such as the removal of a long-standing 25% income tax rebate for teachers and researchers, which previously helped mitigate the financial strain on these professionals. This removal, » Read More…
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