• Simile:
  A simile is a comparison using like or as, for example:
  • He was as brave as a lion.
  • Her voice was like a melody.
  • He ran like the wind.
  • She was as sweet as honey.
  • His eyes sparkled like stars.

  A simile creates a vivid image by showing how two things are similar in one aspect, such as appearance, quality, or action.

• Metaphor:
  A metaphor is a direct comparison of dissimilar things, for example:
  • Life is a roller coaster.
  • He is a shining star.
  • Her heart is gold.
  • Time is money.
  • The world is a stage.

  A metaphor implies that one thing is another thing, not just that one is like another. It reveals a deeper meaning or insight by highlighting the similarities or connections between two things.

• Hyperbole:
  A hyperbole is a deliberate exaggeration, for example:
  • I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.
  • She cried a river of tears.
  • He has a heart of stone.
  • It’s raining cats and dogs.
  • I’ve told you a million times.

  A hyperbole adds emphasis, urgency, or excitement to a statement. It can also create a humorous or ironic effect by showing how something is exaggerated or unrealistic.

• Oxymoron:
  An oxymoron is a phrase with contradictory words, for example:
  • Deafening silence
  • Bittersweet
  • Jumbo shrimp
  • Living dead
  • Pretty ugly

  An oxymoron creates a paradoxical or surprising effect by combining two opposite or incompatible words. It can also express a complex or nuanced idea that cannot be easily described by one word.

• Pun:
  A pun is a play on words, for example:
  • A horse is a very stable animal.
  • I’m reading a book about anti-gravity. It’s impossible to put down.
  • The optometrist fell into his lens grinder and made a spectacle of himself.
  • I have a few jokes about unemployed people, but none of them work.
  • She had a photographic memory but never developed it.

  A pun exploits the different meanings or sounds of words to create a humorous or clever effect. It can also show the ambiguity or complexity of language and meaning.

• Alliteration:
  Alliteration is the repeating of consonant sounds right next to each other, which creates a memorable or melodic effect¹. Example:

  • Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
  • She sells seashells by the seashore.
  • The high horse hopped along the highway.
  • Betty bought a bit of butter.
  • How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
  • Onomatopoeia: Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like what they mean¹. Example:
    • The car alarm went beep.
    • The bees buzzed around the flowers.
    • The popcorn popped in the microwave.
    • The snake hissed as it slithered away.
    • The door creaked open.
  • Irony:
    Irony is a situation that subverts a reader’s expectations. There are different types of irony, such as verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony. Example:
    • Verbal irony: Saying the opposite of what is meant, often sarcastically. For example, “I love it when I drop my phone, how wonderful.”
    • Situational irony: When the outcome of a situation is different from what was expected or intended. For example, a fire station burning down.
    • Dramatic irony: When the audience knows something that the characters do not. For example, in Romeo and Juliet, the audience knows that Juliet is not really dead, but Romeo does not.
  • Anaphora:
    Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase for rhythmic effect¹. It can create emphasis, emotion, or unity in a text. Example:
    • You must not stop, you must not wane, you must not fail.
    • I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live

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