Group-I

SUMMARY of the Article “COP28 to SB60,” by Aisha Khan, Dawn, June 1st, 2024

The article outlines the importance of the 60th session of the Subsidiary Bodies (SB60) taking place from June 3-13, 2024, in Bonn, as a critical preparatory event for COP29. The SB60 aims to recalibrate positions and find compromises to facilitate a successful outcome at COP29. The conference has three primary tasks: agreeing on a new post-2025 climate finance goal to ensure adequate funding for developing countries to meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), building momentum for the next generation of national climate plans, and providing guidance on the first Global Stock Take (GST) outcomes. The success of COP29 hinges on overcoming fixed positions regarding new collective quantified goals (NCQG) for climate finance, which is a contentious issue. Effective negotiation processes and continued implementation of COP28 outcomes are necessary to maintain progress. The Bonn dialogue must address financial packages, particularly linking » Read More…

SUMMARY of the Article “Negotiating effectively with IMF,” by Saeed Ahmed, Dawn, May 31st, 2024

The article delves into the complexities of Pakistan’s negotiations with the IMF for a new Extended Fund Facility (EFF) following the completion of the ninth-month Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). Given Pakistan’s ongoing fiscal and external vulnerabilities, another EFF appears necessary amidst rising political instability. IMF programs, characterized by ‘conditionality,’ require borrowing governments to undertake economic reforms. Effective IMF programs hinge on negotiations and a medium-term economic agenda owned by the borrowing country’s authorities, which should address root economic problems without alienating domestic interests. The professional and ideological alignments between IMF staff and borrowing government officials significantly impact negotiation outcomes, often resulting in larger programs with fewer conditions when ideological ties are strong. Pakistan’s past experiences, particularly during the 2019-2023 EFF program, » Read More…

International Organisations and Headquarters

list of prominent international organisations and their headquarters.
list of prominent international organisations and their headquarters.

International organisations play a crucial role in addressing global challenges and promoting cooperation among nations. These organisations have their headquarters in various cities around the world, and it’s essential to know where they are located. In this article, we will provide you with a list of prominent international organisations and their headquarters.

International Organisation Headquarters
UNO New York
UNICEF New York
NAM New York
UNFPA New York
FAO Rome
Red Cross Geneva
ILO Geneva
WHO Geneva
UNHCR Geneva
WTO Geneva
WMO Geneva (World meteorological organisation)
World Economic Forum Geneva
UNCTAD Geneva
UNESCO Paris
UNIDO Vienna
OPEC Vienna
IAEA Vienna
EU Brussels

» Read More…