Dawn News Articles Summaries for CSS Exam Preparation


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SUMMARY of the Article “Victims of our own narrative,” by Zafar Masud, Dawn [Published on January 6th, 2024]


Zafar Masud explores the dynamics of market narratives and the role of regulators in shaping economic outcomes, challenging the notion that the market inherently knows best. He contrasts the Chicago School’s belief in market efficiency with the perspective of behavioral economists, emphasizing that human behaviors influence and sometimes distort markets. The author cites instances such as the Asian currency crises and the 2008 banking crisis, highlighting the need for government intervention. In the context of Pakistan, the Heritage Foundation’s Economic Freedom Index places the country 152nd out of 180, indicating a heavily regulated economy. Masud stresses the importance of balancing economic freedom with effective regulation, advocating for regulators to prevent consumer exploitation, ensure perfect competition, and maintain a level playing field. He calls for a comprehensive effort to address conflicts, establish missing regulators, and enhance expertise, making them independent and centers of excellence. The article emphasizes the necessity of a dynamic » Read More…


SUMMARY of the Article “Rising inflation,” by Editorial, Dawn [Published on January 3rd, 2024]


The inflationary challenge in Pakistan appears increasingly difficult to address, with recent data from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics revealing a rise in monthly inflation to 29.7%, compared to 24.5% a year ago and 29.2% a month earlier. This surge is attributed to the upward adjustment of fuel charges in electricity tariffs and increased prices of essential kitchen items. Weekly price data had already indicated an upward trend, leading to second-round effects as manufacturers and sellers passed on the higher energy costs to consumers. The State Bank of Pakistan had anticipated persistent inflation due to a gas price hike. Year-over-year CPI inflation has surged by almost 29% in the first half of the fiscal year, up from 25% in the corresponding period the previous year. While the SBP, IMF, and the government predict a slowdown in inflation in the second half of the fiscal year, their estimates vary from 21% to almost 26%. Despite the expectations of a slowdown, inflation » Read More…


SUMMARY of the Article “Economic turnaround moment?” by Najy Benhassine and Martin Raiser, Dawn [Published on January 3rd, 2024]


Pakistan, after experiencing an extended period of declining poverty rates, is now confronted with a severe economic crisis due to poor policy choices and various shocks, including Covid-19, catastrophic floods in 2022, and adverse global conditions. The resultant slowdown in growth, increased poverty, and the looming threat of debt default demand deep and sustained reforms. The authors propose comprehensive solutions to address Pakistan’s challenges, emphasizing the urgency to seize this crisis as an opportunity for transformative change. Key areas include addressing the human capital crisis, generating fiscal space through tax reforms and expenditure savings, fostering a dynamic and open economy, transforming the agriculture sector for climate resilience, and addressing inefficiencies in the energy sector. Bold fiscal reforms could potentially generate over 12% of GDP in new fiscal space, providing resources for human development, infrastructure » Read More…


SUMMARY of the Article “Mass extinction” by Aisha Khan, Dawn [Published on January 2nd, 2024]


The conclusion of the 28th Conference of Parties (COP) session in December 2023 marked progress in climate action but fell short of the urgency required to prevent the anticipated sixth mass extinction. Amidst growing eco-anxiety and challenges in multilateral processes, the article highlights the need for a more individualistic approach to address the threat to life systems. The author contextualizes the brief timeline of human civilization, spanning 200,000 years anatomically, 6,000 years for modern civilization, and the industrial age’s commencement in 1850. Despite scientific and technological advancements, the acceleration of climate change is primarily attributed to greenhouse gas emissions. The narrative shifts towards individual responsibility and suggests a change in perspective to expedite solutions. The key dilemma involves balancing existing lifestyles without compromising quality or altering consumption patterns. COP28’s discussions, particularly Sultan al-Jaber’s controversial statement on fossil fuels, underscore the reluctance to abandon fossil fuel-supported lifestyles. The article emphasizes the need for societies to reconsider current consumption patterns to adopt a low-carbon-footprint lifestyle. Highlighting the significant environmental impact of modern food systems, the author notes that going vegan could » Read More…


SUMMARY of the Article “Tourism numbers,” Editorial, Dawn [Published on January 2nd, 2024]


Gilgit-Baltistan’s tourism potential exhibits promising numbers, with over 11,000 foreign climbers and tourists visiting in 2023, marking the highest figures in the past two decades. Additionally, the UN’s World Tourism Organisation designates Pakistan as the “best performing destination” for the first nine months of 2023. Despite these positive developments, Pakistan struggles to market itself effectively to global tourists. The visa application process, particularly for foreign visitors to Gilgit-Baltistan, is cited as a deterrent, often taking several months to process. This bureaucratic hurdle contrasts with the global trend of countries offering visas on arrival or efficient e-visas. The article highlights the paradoxical nature of Pakistan’s tourism promotion efforts, with campaigns like ‘Salam Pakistan’ juxtaposed against a securitized and suspicious approach towards foreigners. The editorial underscores the need for a swift and transparent visa process, improved » Read More…


SUMMARY of the Article “The disappeared” by Arif Hasan, Dawn [Published on December 30th, 2023]


Arif Hasan highlights the prevalent issue of avoidable deaths in Pakistan due to accidents, emphasizing the negligence leading to collapses, fires, and accidents in various settings. The author also points out the dangers of traveling in the country, where incidents like plane delays, train derailments, and unsafe road travel pose significant risks. He notes the indifference of political parties to address these issues, attributing it to the detachment of the elite political class from problems affecting the common people. The article shifts its focus to a more severe and recurring crime, the forced disappearance of individuals, predominantly from Balochistan, allegedly orchestrated by state agencies. Hasan stresses the prolonged agony faced by the families of the disappeared, with some cases extending over 20 years. The piece highlights the historical struggles of the Baloch people, evolving from armed resistance led by sardars to the current urban and educated generation demanding change and representation. Hasan warns of potential unrest akin to the East Pakistan situation if the state fails to acknowledge and » Read More…


SUMMARY of the Article “New Challenges” by Mohammad Ali Babakhel, Dawn [Published on December 30th, 2023]


The landscape of crime in Pakistan has evolved due to technological innovations, posing new challenges for law enforcement. However, the existing law enforcement structures, legal frameworks, and procedures remain entrenched in a colonial past. The country relies heavily on a numerical policing model, which is increasingly inadequate against the complexities brought by globalization and technological advancements. Organized criminals and terrorists exploit technology efficiently, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that combines traditional policing with innovative, technology-led solutions. Disparities between external and internal security policies present new challenges, requiring effective communication and a democratic ethos. Administrative decisions, including reforms, have historically impacted the quality of law enforcement, resulting in oscillations between bureaucratic and political control. Pakistan’s low ranking in the Rule of Law Index underlines the urgency for comprehensive reforms supported by political commitment, public backing, and increased funding. The post-9/11 era has expanded the security duties of the police, affecting their preventive and investigative functions. Militancy has led to the militarization of the » Read More…